{"componentChunkName":"component---node-modules-narative-gatsby-theme-novela-src-templates-article-template-tsx","path":"/who-cares-about-covid-19","result":{"data":{"allSite":{"edges":[{"node":{"siteMetadata":{"name":"MIT Civic Data Design Lab"}}}]}},"pageContext":{"article":{"id":"a6247539-4599-5fb1-b7da-0252c41ae787","slug":"/who-cares-about-covid-19","secret":false,"title":"WHO CARES about COVID-19?","author":"Brian Williams","date":"August 30th, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-08-30T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":3,"excerpt":"Is Section 18115 really doing anything? On June 4th, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released new guidance requiring…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"WHO CARES about COVID-19?\",\n  \"author\": \"Brian Williams\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-30T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\", \"Data\", \"Health\", \"Race\", \"Visualization\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/pic-for-2nd-article-cares.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Is Section 18115 really doing anything?\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On June 4th, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released new guidance requiring laboratories to include relevant demographic data, such as age and race, on every COVID-19 test. As specified in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) ActSection 18115,these changes went into effect on August 1st. But did anythingreallyhappen?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"As a follow up to the\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://blog.civicdatadesignlab.mit.edu/data-from-reported-covid-19-tests-are-telling-an-incomplete-story:-here's-what-you-need-to-know\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"previous article\"), \"on missing reported race data in COVID-19 tests nationwide, we wanted to see the significant effects (if any) of the new federal guidance passed in the CARES Act Section 18115. Previously, we found large gaps in the aggregate data across the United States. From this, we asked if anything could be done at individual laboratories or medical testing centers to compensate for the gap. Now, we seek to investigate the impact of the new federal regulation on reporting race data.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Data Comparisons, Before and After 18115\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Section 18115 may actually be impacting the level of reported race data nationwide\\u2026 But is it enough?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"From July 26th to August 26th, positive COVID-19 cases increased by over 1.5 million but only about 1 million had associated race data.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"In the United States, the percent of cases with associated race data has varied over time:\"), mdx(\"ol\", null, mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ol\"\n  }, \"cumulative as of August 26th: 55.65%\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ol\"\n  }, \"only between July 26th and August 26th: 66.10%\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ol\"\n  }, \"cumulative as of July 26th: 51.75%\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"[[\", \"insert bar graph]\", \"](\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://chart-studio.plotly.com/~brianwilliams2022/17.embed\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"https://chart-studio.plotly.com/~brianwilliams2022/17.embed\"), \")\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This visualization shows the difference of percents of cases where race data is known, per state. The number represented in each bar is the percent difference in cases with associated race between two different periods: fromJuly 26th to August 26thand from the beginning of data collection up until July 26th.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"For example, let\\u2019s say that a given state\\u2019s total cases rose from July to August by x, and of those cases, there is a subsection where race data is unknown. Let\\u2019s say this subsection of unknown race data increases by y. I calculated 1 - (y/x), and compared that same calculation instead with the cumulative period from toward the beginning of the pandemic (late March) to July 26th.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Some of these values are negative because the total number of Other and Unknown cases actuallyincreasesfrom July to August at a greater percentage compared to the beginning of the pandemic. This is pretty alarming.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Please note that North Dakota (ND) seems to have a very large value: 87%. This is due to the fact that North Dakota only very recently started reporting race data foranyof their cases.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"But why?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This seems unusual but I think it can be explained by retroactive revisions to the data (either by individual laboratories or a state\\u2019s Department of Public Health) which would move cases from these categories to their accurate racial category.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"For example, if a scientist was able to confirm a case or a set of cases belonged to certain demographic after the total number of cases had already been reported, you would simply move cases over to their respective categories. Maybe in certain situations, backlogs of case data prevent labs from sorting cases by demographic data before state deadlines but as time goes along, they are able to update their reported case data. This doesn\\u2019t seem to happen in many states and the testing efficiency problem could easily be a bigger and more widespread problem than I am expressing/speculating here.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Here\\u2019s a regional breakdown of the same data.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"[[\", \"insert color map]\", \"](\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://plotly.com/~brianwilliams2022/35.embed\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"http://plotly.com/~brianwilliams2022/35.embed\"), \")\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Discussion: Almost too little, too late\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"So far, the national average of cases with race data increased by about 15% directly following the period Section 18115 went into effect, compared to reported race averages during the rest of the pandemic.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Is this difference big enough? And how much of it can be directly attributed to Section 18115? To be quite honest\\u2026 I\\u2019m not sure.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Though somewhat significant, the impact is almost too little too late. Just imagine what we\\u2019re not seeing, and the things we\\u2019ve \", \"*\", \"already\", \"*\", \" missed. Before August, there were more than 2 million Covid-19 tests that were unidentifiable by race. This type of federal guidance should have been in place since February and at the latest, the beginning of March.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"It doesn\\u2019t seem like we will have access to complete, accurate, and thorough data sets into the foreseeable future for many reasons starting at the laboratory level stretching all the way to the federal level. I just hope policymakers, publicly obligated to support our communities, are doing their best trying to walk in the dark during this pandemic.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Sources\"), mdx(\"ol\", null, mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ol\"\n  }, mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/covid-19-laboratory-data-reporting-guidance.pdf\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/covid-19-laboratory-data-reporting-guidance.pdf\")), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ol\"\n  }, mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/reporting-lab-data.html#what-to-include\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/reporting-lab-data.html#what-to-include\"))));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = 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I’m an aspiring protein engineer, who's actively looking for ways to uplift marginalized communities everywhere. I am a rising junior at MIT, majoring in Biological Engineering and minoring in Black Studies, and am looking forward to working in the Civic Data Design Lab this summer! So far, I have been analyzing and visualizing data reports on racial and ethnic data tied to COVID-19 test results and related deaths. In this project, I’m hoping to explain the confusing (and not so surprising) trends in the data and shed light on the reasons why discrepancies exist between states when reporting race in COVID-19 tests and deaths. Why is there missing data here, and what does this tell us? About testing strategies? About practicality? About policy?  I am passionate about understanding how policy decisions drive economic and social change. As an avid creative, I love to model and write poetry, and I play varsity baseball at MIT.","id":"f542d3ea-8f8f-58ea-8d10-cb0bf7b9a4cd","name":"Brian 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CARES about COVID-19?","canonicalUrl":null,"mailchimp":"","next":[{"id":"1f9d01b6-5cd6-59a5-a062-605e3615299c","slug":"/h2a:-seeing-sketchiness-in-data","secret":false,"title":"H2A: Seeing Sketchiness in Data","author":"Evan Denmark","date":"August 22nd, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-08-22T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":3,"excerpt":"In part two, we examine how the missing data associated with H2A hints at potentially nefarious behavior. ","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"H2A: Seeing Sketchiness in Data\",\n  \"author\": \"Evan Denmark\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-22T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"excerpt\": \"In part two, we examine how the missing data associated with H2A hints at potentially nefarious behavior. \",\n  \"tags\": [\"Economy\", \"Data\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/totalinstances.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The H2A Visa program has become \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://blog.civicdatadesignlab.mit.edu/america's-essential-yet-unknown-program:-h2a\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"increasingly essential\"), \" to the American food supply chain. Since 2012, the number of participating farms, visa applications, worker hours, and total expense of the program have risen significantly. However, it hasn\\u2019t all been good. \"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"\\u201CWith the explosion in usage of the H2A program \\u2026 we\\u2019ve seen the abuse of the program grow,\\u201D said Caitlin Ryland, the Supervising Attorney at the Legal Aid of North Carolina, a nonprofit law firm dedicated to equal access to justice for low income workers.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Farmers employing foreign workers through the H2A program must abide by strict \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/agriculture\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"labor laws\"), \" to ensure that their workers are treated fairly and paid appropriately. However, \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/kenbensinger/the-pushovers\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"recent reports\"), \" have shown the potential for worker abuse in the H2A program. Inspired by these multiple reports, we decided to investigate the data surrounding the violations in the H2A program.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"According to the US Department of Labor (DOL) Wage and Hour Division\\u2019s public data on enforcement, the number of federal H2A violations has dramatically increased in the past two decades. H2A violations may include improper housing requirements, poor working conditions, or improper payment of workers. The data displayed in the graph below shows the number of H2A violations since 2000. In this data, a list of farms that have violated H2A policy, the number of violations per investigation, and the duration of the violations are all provided.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/0ARiQGoswpnFFuxDilxkwkZzERn3aVo5136q60ljyl3PmjE3K2w6-Ur-3e2akwff0eHQmp7eQ80LNApi5MgIM4oDAHQ_I-o7ouPNSWJ-TYK-XG9A9jWJCbTM0nAvQgztjkdrep4y\",\n    \"alt\": null\n  })), mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Data provided by the US Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division\\u2019s WHISARD data, updated in July 2020.\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This increase in violations comes from an increased reporting of violations in addition to a lack of government oversight of the program.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"\\u201CMost of \", \"[\", \"DOL\\u2019s] inspections are complaint driven,\\u201D says Ryland, which means that many farms may be committing H2A violations that are not represented in the data.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Despite the growth of the program, the multiple agencies that enforce the H2A laws are significantly lacking. According to Ryland, the North Carolina Department of Labor has only \\u201Cfive or six inspectors for about two thousand labor camp sites.\\u201D\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"To make matters even more complicated, Rylands believes that during COVID, they\\u2019re not \\u201Cdoing any onsite investigations.\\u201D\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Notably, the data displayed shows a significant decrease in violations in recent years. One possible reason is that it can take time to investigate and confirm a set of violations. Ryland said that workers \\u201Ctypically don\\u2019t learn about the results of their complaint for about a two year period,\\u201D which renders the visualization incomplete.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The lack of government oversight also points to serious questions in the H2A application procedure. In addition to the violation enforcement data, the Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration also publishes the H2A visa applications of each farm. By combining these two datasets, there are some jarring artifacts.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"For example, Lewis M. Bailey IV Farms, a Mississippi potato grower, had a total of 180 accepted visa applications in early 2019 to work the fields until November. However, by the end of June, the DOL confirmed 178 violations on the Bailey Farm, resulting in over $325,000 in worker backwages (i.e. over 1 month of pay for 178 workers).\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Despite a violation of this magnitude, the DOL approved 230 H2A applications to the Bailey Farm for the August to November harvest on July 9 - only three weeks after the end of the major violation.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Although the data cannot tell us the full story, it does point to potentially glaring missteps by the Department of Labor. The fact that a farm like Bailey Farm can be approved even after a large violation questions forces us to not only question the DOL\\u2019s application process but also to wonder how farms respond to violations. That is, after a violation, do farms respect the authority of the DOL?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Of all of the farms who applied for H2A applications in 2019, 2.25% had previously violated H2A policy. With this in mind, we wondered if farms who had previously violated H2A policy tended to violate again. As shown in the below graph, we examined the recidivism - the tendency to reoffend - of farms who have broken H2A protocols at least three times in the last two decades.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/bqpd3z76Dk0tV2ZlocL9GYSUW_LcmuUu5b0g7mL5B2dQcbZkAst-QU2rqzPlGlwoKgwYXFdedXcZ2Fz2MDI3m8FYQ_JzSNTxCx23rMlM37b12y8dHCIHs-tjusoDfylKm3FZcp2l\",\n    \"alt\": null\n  }))), mdx(\"p\", null, \"From this data, those multi-violating offenders tended to not offend nearly as bad as before.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"In addition to potentially sketchy farms, some law firms (who are contracted by farms to apply for H2A visas) stick out as outliers when examining their rates of violation. For example, over 35% of the nearly 4,000 visas applied for by Farmer, Farmer, & Brown PLLC - a firm based out of Georgia - were contracted by farms who had previously violated H2A policy. Why is is that some law firms are associated with this sketchy behavior? \"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"As with many data projects, the data is only a single source and in order to understand the full story, deeper investigations must be done. However, these initial investigations show that data can hint at a larger behavior, including a lack of government oversight, a lack of violation reporting, and potentially nefarious behavior by both farms and law firms.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"What is evident, however, is the amount of missing data within this realm, and because of the magnitude of it, it can be difficult to grasp the scale of the worker abuse problem by the data alone.\"));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = 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Cities' makeup prioritizes buildings rather than vast, green space in order to ensure density. But…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"COVID-19 Open Spaces: Numbers and Reality in NYC\",\n  \"author\": \"Laura Kim\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-14T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\", \"Mapping\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/maps2.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Access to open space is an urban luxury. 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What counts as open space in this map:\"), mdx(\"ul\", null, mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Parks operated by Department of Parks and Recreation\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Recreational Areas not designated as NYC Parks\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Department of Transportation Pedestrian Plazas\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Cemeteries\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Streets\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"I use figure ground maps, which are used to show the relationship between the built environment and open space, to illustrate which spaces were open or closed and how openness evolved during the course of the past few months.\"), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"how-much-was-closed-in-april\"\n  }, \"How much was closed in April?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": 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     \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8e64d/maps2.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8c5c5/maps2.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8c5c5/maps2.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Map with highlights of closed spaces in April\",\n    \"title\": \"Map of closed spaces during April lockdown\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses in New York state were ordered to close along with parks with any recreational features such as playgrounds, basketball courts, and beaches. Cemeteries remained open, but closed to visitors. This meant around 30% of NYC\\u2019s open spaces were not accessible\\u2014this equates to around 12 Central Parks being closed. These closed spaces are marked red in the above map.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"When Covid-19 hospitalization rates were at its \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"peak\"), \" on 3/30 with 6,136 cases in NYC, limiting access to spaces where there are chances of people congregating in large numbers was the right move. What this closure strategy surfaced is the existing inequities in open space distribution in NYC.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Even from a quick glance, you can see the unequal distribution of large open spaces, which would enable proper social distancing. Each borough has one or two large parks, such as the Bronx Park and Central Park, but this means the majority of NYC residents rely on small parks in their neighborhoods for walkable open space access. And during a lockdown, with decreased public transportation use, people need safe spaces that they can walk to more than ever.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"A \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=4d082c62efb44e56b105366fb92335b3&extent=-8287910.233%2C4941135.2385%2C-8185178.8669%2C4998463.0097%2C102100\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"map\"), \" from the Trust for Public Land shows park needs in NYC during the summer of 2020, determined by access to an open park within a ten-minute walk of home. Taking findings from this map, I zoomed into a neighborhood that has a high need for parks this summer to see what the change looked like. Elmhurst in Queens saw a 64% decrease in neighborhood open space in April. And with social distancing, the remaining open space were most likely used at a lower capacity.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2332px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"76.45797598627787%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/ad528/elm-copy.webp 2332w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2332px) 100vw, 2332px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/a90b0/elm-copy.png 2332w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2332px) 100vw, 2332px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/a90b0/elm-copy.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Elmhurst, Queens\",\n    \"title\": \"Open and closed spaces in Elmhurst, Queens in April\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"what-about-privately-owned-public-spacespops\"\n  }, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"h4\"\n  }, \"What about Privately Owned Public Spaces(POPS)?\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8e64d/maps4.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8c5c5/maps4.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8c5c5/maps4.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"POPS in NYC\",\n    \"title\": \"POPS in NYC\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"POPS is an important (and \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/nyregion/public-space-trump-tower.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"controversial\"), \") addition to public space in NYC, with the first initiatives dating to the 1960s. Some are plazas in front of buildings like the Seagram building and some are parks with green space such as the Domino Park in Williamsburg. POPS are a way for the city to create more public space within private development. The map shows that the majority distribution is in Manhattan, in areas with already walkable access to Central Park or Bryant Park. It was also unclear what was open during the lockdown because unlike city parks, there was no direct way to find information about whether they were open.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"\\u201COpen\\u201D Streets\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8e64d/maps3.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8c5c5/maps3.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8c5c5/maps3.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Open Streets in NYC\",\n    \"title\": \"Open Street Locations in NYC\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"A popular pandemic response to inadequate space for social distancing and outdoor activities is Open Streets. Oakland, Milan, and many other cities have \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.archdaily.com/938202/people-to-reclaim-streets-in-milan-in-post-covid-19-vision-of-the-city\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"adopted similar strategies\"), \". Open Streets in NYC are pedestrian-friendly streets that are blocked off by NYPD barricades during daytime hours to allow for social distancing while walking and to use as pseudo-park space. A total of 67 miles have been opened up (or closed depending on how you are using the street) to date, shown as white lines in the map. This effort is combined with Open Restaurants as the city is reopening and allowing outdoor dining using parking space and sidewalk space.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"What the data shows on the map allows for possibilities of car-less streets and brings memories of \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/summerstreets/html/home/home.shtml\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Summer Streets\"), \". (Summer Streets have been cancelled for 2020.) However, what the data misses is how open these designated streets are used in reality. First, there is critique about how the process\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/20/upshot/pandemic-city-planning-inequality.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \" lacks public participation\"), \". And there were \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/18/nypd-inconsistent-on-actually-opening-the-mayors-open-streets/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"mixed reactions\"), \" from the public as the set up required police involvement, which delayed the process.\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/18/nypd-inconsistent-on-actually-opening-the-mayors-open-streets/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  })), \" \"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"3024px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: 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