{"componentChunkName":"component---node-modules-narative-gatsby-theme-novela-src-templates-article-template-tsx","path":"/the-anger-behind-the-nairobi-protests-explained-in-4-charts","result":{"data":{"allSite":{"edges":[{"node":{"siteMetadata":{"name":"MIT Civic Data Design Lab"}}}]}},"pageContext":{"article":{"id":"983bd863-42ee-5b15-a243-efdf3f5b2928","slug":"/the-anger-behind-the-nairobi-protests-explained-in-4-charts","secret":false,"title":"The anger behind the Nairobi protests, explained in 4 charts","author":"Civic Data Design Lab","date":"July 17th, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-07-17T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":6,"excerpt":"On the first of June, Vox released an article called “The anger behind the protests, explained in 4 charts”. In the article, Sean Collins…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"The anger behind the Nairobi protests, explained in 4 charts\",\n  \"author\": \"Civic Data Design Lab\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-07-17T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Visualization\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/cddl_blogpost_0713-03.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On the first of June, Vox released an article called \\u201CThe anger behind the protests, explained in 4 charts\\u201D. In the article, Sean Collins uses data visualizations to explain the landscape of police violence in the United States, a structural issue that has come to the surface most recently due to the murder of George Floyd on the 25th of May. The author states \\u201Cprotests have continued night after night because they are not just about that single killing but what it represents: rampant police brutality that seems to have no consequences\\u201D (Collins 2020). Reading this article got me thinking about the parallels in Nairobi, Kenya, where recent protests have mirrored those happening in the United States.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This article explores the anger behind the protests in Nairobi, looking into some of the dynamics of police violence through four charts. You will notice that this story looks quite a bit different to the sleek digital visualizations that we create at the CDDL. I have always been amazed by data humanism, particularly the hand-drawn visualizations of Mona Chalabi and Giorgia Lupi, and my hope is that the hand drawn charts convey both the urgency of the situation and its deeply human impact.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On the 8th of June in Mathare, one of Nairobi\\u2019s informal settlements, over 200 protesters marched with signs reading \\u201CStop Killer Cops\\u201D and \\u201COur Lives Matter\\u201D, and images of mothers of victims of police violence kneeling in front of Mathare Social Justice Centre draw scary parallels to what is going on in the United States. While many people in the United States see the coronavirus and police violence protests as separate crises, in Nairobi the two crises and their responses have been deeply entwined.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Where Coronavirus and Police Violence Collide\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The Kenyan government was quick to respond to the Coronavirus outbreak, implementing a lockdown and strict curfew starting from 27th March 2020. This curfew has been enforced intensely and with violence in many forms. At police checkpoints strategically placed on many roads key to people\\u2019s daily commutes between the center city and its outskirts, workers were met with violence:\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Thousands joined long queues at bus stations that extended beyond the 7pm cut-off time as matatus \\u2013 observing new guidelines \\u2013 were ferrying at about 50 per cent capacity\\u2026.As they braved the delays and queues, police officers on the other end were arming themselves with clubs and whips \\u2013 generally preparing themselves for violence (in Daily Nation 2020).\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Tear gas was employed to dispel crowds and protesters both in Nairobi and Mombasa. In addition, state actors carrying out forced evictions in Kariobangi settlement have left 5,000 citizens newly homeless and at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 (Bhalla 2020). Then, we began to hear how citizens accused of breaking curfew were beaten and killed. Over 15 people were murdered by police since the start of the curfew, including 13-year-old boy Yassin Hussein Moyo, who was shot by a police bullet while standing on his apartment balcony in late March. As the Nation reports, \\u201Cthe indiscriminate violence on men, women and children was shocking in its brutality and complete disregard for liberties\\u201D (Daily Nation 2020). #NoJusticeNoPeace and #ICan\\u2019tBreathe were themes that arose in Nairobi too, and activist groups including the Mathare Social Justice Centre have led protests to bring these issues to a national and global view.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"The Graphics\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"One\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1731px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"100.0577700751011%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/d664b7fac43f95163d919596f00b8b75/f7d4b/cddl_blogpost_0713-01.webp 1731w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1731px) 100vw, 1731px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/d664b7fac43f95163d919596f00b8b75/e19c0/cddl_blogpost_0713-01.png 1731w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1731px) 100vw, 1731px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/d664b7fac43f95163d919596f00b8b75/e19c0/cddl_blogpost_0713-01.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 01\",\n    \"title\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 01\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"\\u201CThey have killed us more than corona,\\u201D a protester from the 8th June in Mathare, said simply. This straightforward quote inspired the first graphic. As of the end of May, the statistics showed that 101 people had been killed by police and 71 people killed by COVID-19. As we move past the initial curfew, the COVID-19 cases have risen rapidly to overtake this number, however police murder persists.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Two\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1730px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"100.11560693641619%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/70393c9f50924da229aa08517d8d0b3f/8315d/cddl_blogpost_0713-03.webp 1730w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/70393c9f50924da229aa08517d8d0b3f/205df/cddl_blogpost_0713-03.png 1730w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/70393c9f50924da229aa08517d8d0b3f/205df/cddl_blogpost_0713-03.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 03\",\n    \"title\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 03\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The initial curfew went from 7pm to 5am, with some reports of police enforcement of the curfew even before the clock hit seven. The example I have taken is the work schedule of a matatu driver or housekeeper who, like many workers across the city, leaves before dawn and works until late because they must commute multiple hours a day in Nairobi traffic. This leaves more than three hours where workers traveling to and from their workplaces were vulnerable to severe violence and at times murder at the hands of the police. As of the 7th of June, the curfew has since been extended 21 days but relaxed to 9pm to 4am, allowing more time for free movement.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Three\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1730px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"100.11560693641619%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/606acd2e4d378fc583bafaf77a31306c/8315d/cddl_blogpost_0713-02.webp 1730w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/606acd2e4d378fc583bafaf77a31306c/205df/cddl_blogpost_0713-02.png 1730w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/606acd2e4d378fc583bafaf77a31306c/205df/cddl_blogpost_0713-02.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 02\",\n    \"title\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 02\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"According to GAN Business Anti-Corruption portal, three out of four Kenyans consider most or all police officers as corrupt (GCB 2015). This graphic points to larger issues with police conduct in Nairobi: these include ubiquitous bribery, extortion especially of Somalis, and brutality toward often innocent citizens. Corrupt police officers are rarely arrested or prosecuted for corruption crimes (HRR 2016).\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Four\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1731px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"100.0577700751011%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/55eb58517e5ad22ec4290860df3bbfed/f7d4b/cddl_blogpost_0713-04.webp 1731w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1731px) 100vw, 1731px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/55eb58517e5ad22ec4290860df3bbfed/e19c0/cddl_blogpost_0713-04.png 1731w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1731px) 100vw, 1731px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/55eb58517e5ad22ec4290860df3bbfed/e19c0/cddl_blogpost_0713-04.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 04\",\n    \"title\": \"cddl blogpost 0713 04\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Police conduct goes further than the reach of their hand. This last visualization is a result of my inner urban planner. Something that we often forget about is how the use of teargas can have a magnified effect on high-density residential areas including informal communities like Kibera settlement in Nairobi. If teargas is released in Kibera, its 300m radius means that the teargas could reach more than 300 buildings, compromising the health of countless residents of the areas surrounding the location where the teargas was released.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"What This Means\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"It is my hope that the graphics, along with the articles quoted, speak for themselves. However, in closing, it is important to emphasize that the situation reveals to us unlikely parallels in police brutality between the United States and Kenya. It shows us the global nature of this issue, and how police were created to support existing power structures rooted in colonialism and white supremacy. This situation is also a call for urgent innovation in Coronavirus prevention. Informal settlements, often highly dense, are doubly vulnerable- not only to the disease but also to the loss of income resulting from curfews. In the United States and in Kenya, we need to start thinking of prevention measures that protect both people\\u2019s livelihoods and their lives.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"You can read more about police brutality in Kenya at Mathare Social Justice Centre, Kenyan newspaper The Daily Nation, Citizen TV, and through Human Rights Watch.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"References\")), mdx(\"ul\", null, mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Bhalla, Nita. \\u201CForced Evictions Leave 5,000 Kenyan Slum Dwellers at Risk of Coronavirus.\\u201DReuters, Thomson Reuters, 6 May 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-kenya-homelessness/forced-evictions-leave-5000-kenyan-slum-dwellers-at-risk-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN22I1VC\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-kenya-homelessness/forced-evictions-leave-5000-kenyan-slum-dwellers-at-risk-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN22I1VC\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Collins, Sean. \\u201CThe Anger behind the Protests, Explained in 4 Charts.\\u201DVox, Vox, 31 May 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276004/anger-police-killing-george-floyd-protests\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276004/anger-police-killing-george-floyd-protests\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Gan Integrity. \\u201CKenya Corruption Report.\\u201DGAN Integrity, 11 June 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/kenya/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/kenya/\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Kahura, Dauti. \\u201CSaba Saba At 30: The Gains We Have Lost.\\u201DThe Elephant, 7 July 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.theelephant.info/features/2020/07/07/saba-saba-at-30-the-gains-we-have-lost/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.theelephant.info/features/2020/07/07/saba-saba-at-30-the-gains-we-have-lost/\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Kenya Ministry of Health. 2020,Covid-19 Outbreak in Kenya - Situation Report No. 77,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.health.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Kenya-COVID-19-SITREP-077-02-Jun-2020.pdf\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.health.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Kenya-COVID-19-SITREP-077-02-Jun-2020.pdf\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Santiago, Maria M. Mur. \\u201CLiving with Tear Gas, the Other Face of Chile\\u2019s Protests.\\u201DWww.efe.com, 17 Nov. 2019,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.efe.com/efe/english/portada/living-with-tear-gas-the-other-face-of-chile-s-protests/50000260-4113001\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.efe.com/efe/english/portada/living-with-tear-gas-the-other-face-of-chile-s-protests/50000260-4113001\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Sperber, Amanda. \\u201C\\u2018They Have Killed Us More than Corona\\u2019: Kenyans Protest against Police Brutality.\\u201DThe Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 June 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jun/09/they-have-killed-us-more-than-corona-kenyans-protest-against-police-brutality\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jun/09/they-have-killed-us-more-than-corona-kenyans-protest-against-police-brutality\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"The Nation Team Kenyans Brace Brutality as Police Enforce Curfew.\\u201DDaily Nation, 30 Mar. 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/kenyans-brace-brutality-as-police-enforce-curfew-282826\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/kenyans-brace-brutality-as-police-enforce-curfew-282826\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. \\u201CKenya: Information on the July 1990 Riots.\\u201DRefworld,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aac02c.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aac02c.html\"), \".\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Wambui, Mary. \\u201CPolice Disrupt Saba Saba Protests in the City.\\u201DDaily Nation, 7 July 2020,\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"li\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"http://www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/politics/police-disrupt-saba-saba-protests-in-the-city-1446314\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/politics/police-disrupt-saba-saba-protests-in-the-city-1446314\"), \".\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Update from the 7th of July 2020\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On the seventh of July, another protest took place in Nairobi\\u2019s Central Business District. Kenyans took to the street in the Saba Saba protests against human rights violations in the country. Saba Saba (seven seven in Kiswahili) refers to the 1990 pro-democracy demonstrations held throughout Kenya. At the time, over 6,000 people demonstrated against the detention of two cabinet ministers without trial, which reflected a larger blockage of political voice for citizens. The demonstrations called for the restoration of the multiparty system after leaders had called for it in May 1990. Then-President Daniel Arap Moi deployed the General Service Unit (GSU, the Kenyan paramilitary police) troops and used violence against protesters, killing over 20 people and leaving 1,000 in jail after the four days of confrontations (The Elephant 2020).\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This year\\u2019s protests celebrated the 30th anniversary of Saba Saba, and they came in the wake of recent cases of police violence. Protesters were met with heavy security presence including teargas and arrests. Protesters carried the message against police violence through chants and placards with messages like \\u201CStop Promoting Police Deviance\\u201D, \\u201CStop Killer Cops\\u201D and \\u201CCorruption is as Bad as Colonialism\\u201D (The Nation 2020). Over 20 demonstrators were arrested, and the Social Justice Working Group and its community group members continue to organize for sponsoring bail funds and working against police violence in Nairobi.\"));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = 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This moratorium…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"Housing and COVID-19 in San Francisco\",\n  \"author\": \"Joyce Zhao\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-07-14T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/2019-eviction-notices-and-covid-rates.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On March 13, 2020, Mayor London Breed issued an executive order temporarily halting most evictions in San Francisco. This moratorium, excluding evictions due to health and safety, is set to expire on July 31. As a result of legislation passed by the Board of Supervisors on June 26, landlords are permanently banned from evicting tenants because of missed rent due to the pandemic. Following the Mayor\\u2019s eviction moratorium in March, only 73 eviction notices have been filed through the San Francisco Rent Board, a noticeable decrease compared to the 378 notices filed over the same time period from 2019.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"While those official eviction notices have seen a noticeable decrease in numbers, many housing justice groups are predicting\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/us/coronavirus-evictions-renters.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  })), \" \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/us/coronavirus-evictions-renters.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"a looming wave of evictions\"), \" following the expiration of moratoriums across the nation. In many cities, local moratoria and rent freezes have already expired and eviction courts have begun to reopen.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Neighborhoods in San Francisco experiencing historically higher rates of eviction show correlation with some of the same neighborhoods experiencing the highest rates of COVID-19.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1000px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"80%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/df5410c1f4ecabe0ce60abc489f6f04f/e00f7/2019-eviction-notices-and-covid-rates.webp 1000w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/df5410c1f4ecabe0ce60abc489f6f04f/332ff/2019-eviction-notices-and-covid-rates.png 1000w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/df5410c1f4ecabe0ce60abc489f6f04f/332ff/2019-eviction-notices-and-covid-rates.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"2019 Eviction Notices and COVID Rates by Neighborhood, San Francisco\",\n    \"title\": \"2019 Eviction Notices and COVID Rates by Neighborhood, San Francisco\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"In particular, 10% of all eviction notices filed in 2019 took place in the Mission (highlighted in pink below), a neighborhood with historically higher rates of eviction. 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Yet, the direct cause & effect relationship between the two is intricate to measure, because it is neither one-dimensional nor unidirectional.","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"Coronavirus, Occupation, Race, & Coronavirus\",\n  \"author\": \"Griffin Kantz\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-07-13T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"excerpt\": \"The connection between COVID-19 and the health of the economy is obvious. Yet, the direct cause & effect relationship between the two is intricate to measure, because it is neither one-dimensional nor unidirectional.\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\", \"Mapping\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/casespercapita_20200703.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The connection between COVID-19 and the health of the economy is obvious. Yet, the direct cause & effect relationship between the two is intricate to measure, because it is neither one-dimensional nor unidirectional.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Here are two striking animated maps illustrating this asymmetrical relationship. First is a map representing daily new confirmed coronavirus cases per capita in the U.S. by county from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020 (a one-week trailing average to account for regular fluctuations).\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"/5dbbd25f7a30868f69aac87ffe63f161/casespercapita.gif\",\n    \"alt\": \"Animated map of new coronavirus cases per capita in the U.S. (seven-day rolling average).\"\n  }))), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Map 1. Daily new confirmed coronavirus cases per capita (one-week trailing average), United States, 3/1/2020-7/6/2020. Produced with QGIS and Photoshop.\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Here it was important to represent cases in the vertical dimension as well as choropleth fill to highlight counties both large and small.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This second animated map displays the unemployment rate by county from Feb. 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020. The Bureau of Labor Statistics releases unemployment figures for each month, which we assign to the first day of the following month and approximate linearly for all other days. Preliminary figures for May were released last week. Figures for Puerto Rico are not available for April or May, so the territory was not included here.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"/6ae258caff80a96040bbf31cc88cd8d4/unemployment.gif\",\n    \"alt\": \"Animated map of unemployment in the U.S.\"\n  }))), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Map 2. Unemployment rate, United States, 2/1/2020-6/1/2020. Produced with QGIS and Photoshop.\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Scrutinize these two maps in close comparison with each other. Their timeframes are offset by one month, but they cover the recent surges in each variable. Notice the incredible differences in the regions most affected by coronavirus (and in what order) versus those affected by high unemployment.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Coronavirus cases per capita first peaked in a handful of urban hot-spots (New York, NY; New Orleans, LA; Detroit, MI; Cincinnati, OH; Albany, GA), then spread to an entirely different set of rural hot-spots (the Oklahoma panhandle; Iowa and Southern Minnesota; Northeast Arizona; and several extreme spikes in the Midwest and South), and finally experienced a surge across the entire Sun Belt which is still ongoing.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Unemployment, meanwhile, demonstrated a ubiquitous surge across the entire country, with Las Vegas, NV, and the entirety of Hawai\\u2019i and Michigan particularly impacted.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"If coronavirus is the clear precursor to the economic crisis, why do we witness these regional differences, and why do they seem to transcend political jurisdictions? Beginning our inquiry from these maps leads directly to some initial hypotheses.\"), mdx(\"h3\", {\n    \"id\": \"race\"\n  }, \"Race\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"960px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"56.25%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/d264a43f5e5b1894b4874efad68243d3/6c7d1/race.webp 960w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/d264a43f5e5b1894b4874efad68243d3/fde0f/race.png 960w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/d264a43f5e5b1894b4874efad68243d3/fde0f/race.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"race\",\n    \"title\": \"Map of percent non-white population, United States.\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Map 3. Percent non-white population, United States, U.S. Census Bureau. Produced with QGIS.\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/05/us/coronavirus-latinos-african-americans-cdc-data.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Race\"), \" appears to correlate significantly with the areas experiencing the largest coronavirus surges. The \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Belt_in_the_American_South\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Black Belt\"), \" in the South and the expansive cluster of Native American reservations (particularly the \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://navajotimes.com/coronavirus-updates/covid-19-across-the-navajo-nation/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Navajo Nation\"), \") in the Southwest appear to be epicenters of large outbreaks. Counties along the U.S.-Mexico land border, where many migrant laborers work often without being reflected in Census figures, have also been sites of outbreaks. Structural inequities in healthcare, workplace conditions/protections, infrastructure, and crisis preparedness almost certainly contributed to the case severity in these regions. These vectors of vulnerability have also contributed to disparities in unemployment, although it is difficult to observe this at the county level. The chart below is from a recent \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.epi.org/publication/black-workers-covid/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"report\"), \" by the Economic Policy Institute covering \\u201Ctwo of the most lethal preexisting conditions for coronavirus\\u2014racism and economic inequality\\u201D.\"), mdx(\"iframe\", {\n    width: \"100%\",\n    height: \"802\",\n    src: \"https://www.epi.org?p=197235&view=embed&embed_template=charts_v2013_08_21&embed_date=20200712&onp=193246&utm_source=epi_press&utm_medium=chart_embed&utm_campaign=charts_v2\",\n    frameBorder: \"0\"\n  }), mdx(\"h3\", {\n    \"id\": \"occupation-type\"\n  }, \"Occupation Type\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Intertwined with race, differences in occupation type also serve to distort the economic burden of coronavirus. Manufacturing and front-line service jobs are more exposed to infection, as well as more susceptible to layoffs due the combination of the shutdowns, thinner profit margins, and looser workplace protections. Three of the counties (seen clearly in \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://siouxlandnews.com/news/coronavirus/buena-vista-county-tops-national-list-for-fastest-growing-covid-19-hotpost\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Iowa\"), \", \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/04/27/cass-county-coronavirus-cases-spike-county-home-meat-plant/3033246001/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Indiana\"), \", and \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://journalstar.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/health/dakota-county-one-of-the-nations-fastest-growing-coronavirus-hot-spots/article_c91b8158-776f-56fa-a550-e98dd89a68fe.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Nebraska\"), \" in the first map) reaching the highest new-cases-per-capita rates throughout the pandemic are sites of Tyson Foods meat processing plants, although these particular outbreaks did not happen to result in layoffs. These occupational dynamics are suspected to be responsible for the unemployment surges in \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/covid-19s-uneven-impact-on-businesses-and-workers-results-from-a-uhero-chamber-of-commerce-hawaii-survey/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Hawai\\u2019i\"), \", \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2020/06/04/why-covid-19-hit-michigan-so-hard/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Michigan\"), \", and \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/28/864398303/the-sheer-volume-is-hard-to-capture-unemployment-in-nevada-soars-to-historic-hig\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Nevada\"), \", states which are home to large tourism, manufacturing, and accommodations industries, respectively. Differences in occupation type correlate strongly with race, and the same Economic Policy Institute \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.epi.org/publication/black-workers-covid/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"report\"), \" mentioned above covers how Black workers disproportionately serve in vulnerable industries.\"), mdx(\"iframe\", {\n    width: \"100%\",\n    height: \"637\",\n    src: \"https://www.epi.org?p=193254&view=embed&embed_template=charts_v2013_08_21&embed_date=20200712&onp=193246&utm_source=epi_press&utm_medium=chart_embed&utm_campaign=charts_v2\",\n    frameBorder: \"0\"\n  }), mdx(\"h3\", {\n    \"id\": \"incarceration\"\n  }, \"Incarceration\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Lastly, the extreme per-capita spikes appearing in rural \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://wreg.com/news/small-arkansas-county-dealing-with-rise-in-covid-19-cases/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Arkansas\"), \", \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.marionstar.com/story/news/local/2020/04/25/marion-prison-ohio-coronavirus-outbreak-seeping-into-larger-community/3026133001/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Ohio\"), \", and \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.wkrn.com/community/health/coronavirus/trousdale-county-leads-us-in-virus-cases-per-capita-due-to-prison/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Tennessee\"), \" in the first map happen to be in counties home to large prisons. Coronavirus has posed a profound threat to the incarcerated, a threat which \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.prisonpolicy.org/virus/virusresponse.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"some policy officials\"), \" are taking steps to counteract. Hear & read the statements from the inmates of one Maryland jail afflicted by coronavirus \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.gaspingforjustice.org/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"here\"), \".\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"~\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This is only an abbreviated overview of the dynamics at play here, and each of them could be the subject of countless studies. Together, they create an image of a self-sustaining crisis with intricate cause-&-effect relationships. The diagram below summarizes our Lab\\u2019s thoughts on how these pandemic vectors are interdependent. In it we also attempt to show the difficulties in reconciling data of phenomena occurring at different spatial scales: regional and local.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1280px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"56.25%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": 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