{"componentChunkName":"component---node-modules-narative-gatsby-theme-novela-src-templates-article-template-tsx","path":"/h2a:-seeing-sketchiness-in-data","result":{"data":{"allSite":{"edges":[{"node":{"siteMetadata":{"name":"MIT Civic Data Design Lab"}}}]}},"pageContext":{"article":{"id":"1f9d01b6-5cd6-59a5-a062-605e3615299c","slug":"/h2a:-seeing-sketchiness-in-data","secret":false,"title":"H2A: Seeing Sketchiness in Data","author":"Evan Denmark","date":"August 22nd, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-08-22T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":3,"excerpt":"In part two, we examine how the missing data associated with H2A hints at potentially nefarious behavior. ","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"H2A: Seeing Sketchiness in Data\",\n  \"author\": \"Evan Denmark\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-22T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"excerpt\": \"In part two, we examine how the missing data associated with H2A hints at potentially nefarious behavior. \",\n  \"tags\": [\"Economy\", \"Data\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/totalinstances.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The H2A Visa program has become \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://blog.civicdatadesignlab.mit.edu/america's-essential-yet-unknown-program:-h2a\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"increasingly essential\"), \" to the American food supply chain. Since 2012, the number of participating farms, visa applications, worker hours, and total expense of the program have risen significantly. However, it hasn\\u2019t all been good. \"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"\\u201CWith the explosion in usage of the H2A program \\u2026 we\\u2019ve seen the abuse of the program grow,\\u201D said Caitlin Ryland, the Supervising Attorney at the Legal Aid of North Carolina, a nonprofit law firm dedicated to equal access to justice for low income workers.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Farmers employing foreign workers through the H2A program must abide by strict \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/agriculture\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"labor laws\"), \" to ensure that their workers are treated fairly and paid appropriately. However, \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/kenbensinger/the-pushovers\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"recent reports\"), \" have shown the potential for worker abuse in the H2A program. Inspired by these multiple reports, we decided to investigate the data surrounding the violations in the H2A program.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"According to the US Department of Labor (DOL) Wage and Hour Division\\u2019s public data on enforcement, the number of federal H2A violations has dramatically increased in the past two decades. H2A violations may include improper housing requirements, poor working conditions, or improper payment of workers. The data displayed in the graph below shows the number of H2A violations since 2000. In this data, a list of farms that have violated H2A policy, the number of violations per investigation, and the duration of the violations are all provided.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/0ARiQGoswpnFFuxDilxkwkZzERn3aVo5136q60ljyl3PmjE3K2w6-Ur-3e2akwff0eHQmp7eQ80LNApi5MgIM4oDAHQ_I-o7ouPNSWJ-TYK-XG9A9jWJCbTM0nAvQgztjkdrep4y\",\n    \"alt\": null\n  })), mdx(\"em\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"Data provided by the US Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division\\u2019s WHISARD data, updated in July 2020.\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"This increase in violations comes from an increased reporting of violations in addition to a lack of government oversight of the program.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"\\u201CMost of \", \"[\", \"DOL\\u2019s] inspections are complaint driven,\\u201D says Ryland, which means that many farms may be committing H2A violations that are not represented in the data.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Despite the growth of the program, the multiple agencies that enforce the H2A laws are significantly lacking. According to Ryland, the North Carolina Department of Labor has only \\u201Cfive or six inspectors for about two thousand labor camp sites.\\u201D\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"To make matters even more complicated, Rylands believes that during COVID, they\\u2019re not \\u201Cdoing any onsite investigations.\\u201D\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Notably, the data displayed shows a significant decrease in violations in recent years. One possible reason is that it can take time to investigate and confirm a set of violations. Ryland said that workers \\u201Ctypically don\\u2019t learn about the results of their complaint for about a two year period,\\u201D which renders the visualization incomplete.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The lack of government oversight also points to serious questions in the H2A application procedure. In addition to the violation enforcement data, the Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration also publishes the H2A visa applications of each farm. By combining these two datasets, there are some jarring artifacts.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"For example, Lewis M. Bailey IV Farms, a Mississippi potato grower, had a total of 180 accepted visa applications in early 2019 to work the fields until November. However, by the end of June, the DOL confirmed 178 violations on the Bailey Farm, resulting in over $325,000 in worker backwages (i.e. over 1 month of pay for 178 workers).\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Despite a violation of this magnitude, the DOL approved 230 H2A applications to the Bailey Farm for the August to November harvest on July 9 - only three weeks after the end of the major violation.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Although the data cannot tell us the full story, it does point to potentially glaring missteps by the Department of Labor. The fact that a farm like Bailey Farm can be approved even after a large violation questions forces us to not only question the DOL\\u2019s application process but also to wonder how farms respond to violations. That is, after a violation, do farms respect the authority of the DOL?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Of all of the farms who applied for H2A applications in 2019, 2.25% had previously violated H2A policy. With this in mind, we wondered if farms who had previously violated H2A policy tended to violate again. As shown in the below graph, we examined the recidivism - the tendency to reoffend - of farms who have broken H2A protocols at least three times in the last two decades.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"src\": \"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/bqpd3z76Dk0tV2ZlocL9GYSUW_LcmuUu5b0g7mL5B2dQcbZkAst-QU2rqzPlGlwoKgwYXFdedXcZ2Fz2MDI3m8FYQ_JzSNTxCx23rMlM37b12y8dHCIHs-tjusoDfylKm3FZcp2l\",\n    \"alt\": null\n  }))), mdx(\"p\", null, \"From this data, those multi-violating offenders tended to not offend nearly as bad as before.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"In addition to potentially sketchy farms, some law firms (who are contracted by farms to apply for H2A visas) stick out as outliers when examining their rates of violation. For example, over 35% of the nearly 4,000 visas applied for by Farmer, Farmer, & Brown PLLC - a firm based out of Georgia - were contracted by farms who had previously violated H2A policy. Why is is that some law firms are associated with this sketchy behavior? \"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"As with many data projects, the data is only a single source and in order to understand the full story, deeper investigations must be done. However, these initial investigations show that data can hint at a larger behavior, including a lack of government oversight, a lack of violation reporting, and potentially nefarious behavior by both farms and law firms.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"What is evident, however, is the amount of missing data within this realm, and because of the magnitude of it, it can be difficult to grasp the scale of the worker abuse problem by the data alone.\"));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = true;","hero":{"full":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5733333333333333,"src":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/a1946/totalinstances.png","srcSet":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/5b37e/totalinstances.png 236w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/49058/totalinstances.png 472w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/a1946/totalinstances.png 944w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/030f1/totalinstances.png 1416w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/75927/totalinstances.png 1888w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/c698a/totalinstances.png 2721w","srcWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/99fbb/totalinstances.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/77392/totalinstances.webp 236w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/1f177/totalinstances.webp 472w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/99fbb/totalinstances.webp 944w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/4a492/totalinstances.webp 1416w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/b0b8f/totalinstances.webp 1888w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/9818a/totalinstances.webp 2721w","sizes":"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px"},"regular":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5673076923076923,"src":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/3ddd4/totalinstances.png","srcSet":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/078a8/totalinstances.png 163w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/e56da/totalinstances.png 327w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/3ddd4/totalinstances.png 653w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/c5cc7/totalinstances.png 980w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/eebd2/totalinstances.png 1306w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/c698a/totalinstances.png 2721w","srcWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/0acdf/totalinstances.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/ac59e/totalinstances.webp 163w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/7660b/totalinstances.webp 327w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/0acdf/totalinstances.webp 653w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/75470/totalinstances.webp 980w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/68d47/totalinstances.webp 1306w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/9818a/totalinstances.webp 2721w","sizes":"(max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px"},"narrow":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5833333333333333,"src":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/502b1/totalinstances.png","srcSet":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/f2e6d/totalinstances.png 114w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/4ddba/totalinstances.png 229w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/502b1/totalinstances.png 457w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/7ddc2/totalinstances.png 686w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/435bf/totalinstances.png 914w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/c698a/totalinstances.png 2721w","srcWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/15384/totalinstances.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/31fce/totalinstances.webp 114w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/e3e25/totalinstances.webp 229w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/15384/totalinstances.webp 457w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/0258d/totalinstances.webp 686w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/64ea2/totalinstances.webp 914w,\n/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/9818a/totalinstances.webp 2721w","sizes":"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px"},"seo":{"src":"/static/d16d4bb7aa1f875d79ddcf39436e5941/6050d/totalinstances.png"}}},"authors":[{"authorsPage":true,"bio":"MIT '17, MEng '20","id":"2db735a9-f29a-59c8-8553-3506fb290cb5","name":"Evan Denmark","featured":false,"social":[],"slug":"/authors/evan-denmark","avatar":{"small":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.6842105263157895,"src":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/fa1ea/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/afb2b/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 13w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/7c20e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 25w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/fa1ea/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 50w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/03612/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 75w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/61cdf/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 100w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/808e0/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 1025w","srcWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/e7b2c/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/58718/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 13w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/74aad/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 25w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/e7b2c/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 50w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/ed320/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 75w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/66016/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 100w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/24347/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 1025w","sizes":"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px"},"medium":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.6944444444444444,"src":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/61cdf/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/7c20e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 25w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/fa1ea/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 50w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/61cdf/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 100w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/59538/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 150w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/fd013/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 200w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/808e0/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 1025w","srcWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/66016/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/74aad/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 25w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/e7b2c/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 50w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/66016/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 100w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/d9b14/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 150w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/6b183/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 200w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/24347/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 1025w","sizes":"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"},"large":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.7008547008547008,"src":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/ec46e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/a2637/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 82w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/15203/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 164w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/ec46e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 328w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/b69a5/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 492w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/23a36/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 656w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/808e0/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.jpg 1025w","srcWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/5a48e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/2d087/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 82w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/29d87/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 164w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/5a48e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 328w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/42f2e/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 492w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/dec03/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 656w,\n/static/a2250f7104db79b1f0e28a9cb7b13015/24347/94d1b891-73ce-4e69-8b7f-a23533a65c81_1_201_a.webp 1025w","sizes":"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px"}}}],"basePath":"/","permalink":"https://blog.civicdatadesignlab.mit.edu/h2a:-seeing-sketchiness-in-data/","slug":"/h2a:-seeing-sketchiness-in-data","id":"1f9d01b6-5cd6-59a5-a062-605e3615299c","title":"H2A: Seeing Sketchiness in Data","canonicalUrl":null,"mailchimp":"","next":[{"id":"185b6f9c-f595-5e66-b928-e44fb5be0ba4","slug":"/covid-19-open-spaces:-numbers-and-reality-in-nyc","secret":false,"title":"COVID-19 Open Spaces: Numbers and Reality in NYC","author":"Laura Kim","date":"August 14th, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-08-14T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":5,"excerpt":"Access to open space is an urban luxury. Cities' makeup prioritizes buildings rather than vast, green space in order to ensure density. But…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"COVID-19 Open Spaces: Numbers and Reality in NYC\",\n  \"author\": \"Laura Kim\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-14T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\", \"Mapping\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/maps2.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Access to open space is an urban luxury. Cities\\u2019 makeup prioritizes buildings rather than vast, green space in order to ensure density. But during a worldwide pandemic with shelter-in-place mandates and business closures, access to open space is a necessity for public health.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"By early April, 45 states in the U.S. had \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/here-are-stay-home-orders-across-country-n1168736\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"stay-at-home orders\"), \" of varying degrees. Streets emptied, public transportation ridership decreased, and overall traffic disappeared revealing smog-less skies. The activity-void landscape from afar gave people, especially urbanists, the opportunity to rethink urban life and envision \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/opinion/sunday/ban-cars-manhattan-cities.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"car-less, walkable cities\"), \". Streets became the center of attention and a canvas for new, urgent ideas. But on the ground, there were people in desperate need of space \\u2014 to walk socially distant from strangers, to exercise, and to be. And in June, Black Lives Matter movements and protests against racism and police violence filling up the empty streets brought a crucial point into the conversation: equity.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Inequitable distribution of parks and public space is not news. \\u201CThe average park size is 6.4 acres in poor neighborhoods, compared with 14 acres in wealthy neighborhoods, according to an analysis by the \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/nyregion/nyc-parks-access-governors-island.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Trust for Public Land.\"), \"\\u201D Using quantitative and qualitative data, this post   shows how open space distribution in NYC fared during the pandemic.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"How much space is open in NYC?\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2cafccf172bf6e75e82d9fec9d8de529/8e64d/map.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2cafccf172bf6e75e82d9fec9d8de529/8c5c5/map.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/2cafccf172bf6e75e82d9fec9d8de529/8c5c5/map.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Map of all open spaces in NYC\",\n    \"title\": \"Map of all open spaces in NYC before the pandemic\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"New York City, on a pre-pandemic day, would have approximately 33,630 acres of open space, which is around 16% of total city land. Streets are considered as open spaces as well, adding 8,137 miles. What counts as open space in this map:\"), mdx(\"ul\", null, mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Parks operated by Department of Parks and Recreation\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Recreational Areas not designated as NYC Parks\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Department of Transportation Pedestrian Plazas\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Cemeteries\"), mdx(\"li\", {\n    parentName: \"ul\"\n  }, \"Streets\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"I use figure ground maps, which are used to show the relationship between the built environment and open space, to illustrate which spaces were open or closed and how openness evolved during the course of the past few months.\"), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"how-much-was-closed-in-april\"\n  }, \"How much was closed in April?\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAcCAYAAABh2p9gAAAACXBIWXMAAC4jAAAuIwF4pT92AAAGkUlEQVRIx5WVC1CUVRTHqTRWUFleCy4qIMmygBEKmKmjmSaoMCoIvgIJeSoqBoqVmqbl26HRtNLMTAVMfFvCV7RAPhDwAcRjQUGWBXZ5iwhxv/13PlRWG6eZ7syZe/fud3/3nP853/kMDGgA2NPc0ZV7u1KV2drSrOhivOLbw98r5s+Zo0g7f15xJSlJkfdzmiKvql6Rf69eca28VqFpe6Sgc4Jl9jA+V938cI/BswGez6E/cOBYKiJDQlCcnIxAV1dILCzgZGeHT4KDUZKdg8tZucgpKEFhXTtq27rQ/jfwN54Mxuty9EAdny5s7j9yotteImE+b73FfDw9mYWFBROLRCx2VRzLv1fLtn91kF2+eouV1beyupaHrETVyFRN7d3CWV6nS9cDoeMe0+bRlDPsTUdHiAebYO+uXRjj7o5hZmZwtrXFxp1JyK1Qg8JFtba11yudTof2jk72dM09BwSnof2lkTHMXSaDh4sLZk6ZAicCSc3NMXv4cCzwm4PU9CzcvFeP29UatHR04Vm0LwWW1bXAZ7o3c37DAe4jRkAsMoSXmxuCghbiYtpFHDh0DIvCIhEeuAArYlfj+9SziFq6FAd372bVpaVg/wbeLFJijNyZjR01CvKhQxFAoKjYONwor8HshR9AOmQIjPv3g+mAATAdNBDub7oh0NcXbqS5jUSCoqKiF4E/nDwNBysrNsXDExHhkfh8736EhUcjJDwGUSs/ghVpaS2VYrSDA4ZbW+MdLy+8O3Ei3GRObPOmTejq7tYDqQS4zVu2IWZJCAsjb5YEL4HUxASudvZ4vV8/+PrNRqC3NyaQtrMoUVKxGN7Tp2OYjQ1EhoZMqVQKMuqBv167xSUkrEFoSDDznjodbxDIdPBg2FhawpLMnOAeMkdMpJq0piQJ+0YiEcxMTSF69VUWHxf3InDjFzs5V7kc702Zyma87wOTgcaYShn2Ii3tyVwpVLm9PTxGj4YdFfsQgtpS2HaUfamREZs2bhwam5v1wCD/edwgymrohxEsYFEwbMijUTZDISOxPemgPyUkgPQaSSU1yNgYZqTnKHLAkS61t7NjnmPGICUlRQ/8ZN16ztpUDD/yMCwiulejoVZWsBJqkCCJb78NKYVnS789rCQwMjRE/9deQ3/S19hoAIuJikFb+0M9cNve/dy0SZMRuugDNs5rLGwI6EBe2ZJWk4TipvUQWkspXE/30QiNXA5f/yDI5C5wkMmZuqntRQ3TMrK5Xfu+hdxRxoZJLCGhwwJAKA9rCs+GvHMgcHR8Io6mXcLaz7Zi+/7vELEqgRpKClsVuwKrly/TA7PvlHPxiZ/CUixm0yZPxmcbNsDcyAgjKWxrSwmcqPZWr/0U35xMQ8ovmfDzD8TKxPVIWL8ZEcGh7MNFIThz5qIeWKLp4I7TgxPJw5CRI+Eid4YZlY1QzGYU/lz/AJy6okAyPXM49RwOpZ7Hxi3bsWZVPNIuZLAHnUBxw3MaFqpbubDoWBhTkQrJELJsQWZOSZjk6YkFs3zhKHPC9q8PEewcNm36Aj9R77xdrcVddSu7U9NEr6hKD1TcUXIuTnJYiAzZACofocMIzXUwlcjcmTNx5OAhRFIiVq/bgIT4dTh++jJu1bYiu6RaaGfsL80jobVl9AFzSqq4L3clYSVlee68+ZBSMsTUCBzpzdi4ZQd+v6vETvJu29adKKqoQWsPoG59hLpOHuW1GpZVWIHs0geZfcDImBVccX07irSdLPnSb/Te+uBjyuAfN+4iI68YfnPnUTc/jptVjVC3dfY2weJSJY4cO4GwoEA2z3sG9h1NzuoDXkjP4m6TDvQBYum5hfiDjEQmfdpw+WoBTmVko1T7iEJ80OuZtqkJE8ZPgAclb6yzMxOaxu6kA4o+YEG1NuNOTTNylbU9BVUaPr9ay18vV/EkNF9QpeVJdP6GUsX/Wabia5of6hjjEb1suS5q8WIEjh/PEuMSQBHqPSRBM0u1ncij9k7Ap6YFXdS7zr/fgFu0vlHZgNqWDvT09PAx4ZE6ucMInf+cgB66nOTQKJ4HnibrJGsg096srOu1Z2thzqusa8z6q1pDCXn84/GToK8jEhISQQnVlTU+xtVyVfbzQBEdHEizMc3GL5kHKtVNJk+7+44rv2VixUeJ7XdVzZ35VZqOvHt1uF5R96Rs6IDB/xnK9m4TrlA5ohKw5Srq7c7ml9nm3NfY/65UW/c9JECfGXnz0vXVMpWBsqHtlf+6jLw3+AfIBbqi2bN1IwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8e64d/maps2.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8c5c5/maps2.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/8c5c5/maps2.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Map with highlights of closed spaces in April\",\n    \"title\": \"Map of closed spaces during April lockdown\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses in New York state were ordered to close along with parks with any recreational features such as playgrounds, basketball courts, and beaches. Cemeteries remained open, but closed to visitors. This meant around 30% of NYC\\u2019s open spaces were not accessible\\u2014this equates to around 12 Central Parks being closed. These closed spaces are marked red in the above map.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"When Covid-19 hospitalization rates were at its \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"peak\"), \" on 3/30 with 6,136 cases in NYC, limiting access to spaces where there are chances of people congregating in large numbers was the right move. What this closure strategy surfaced is the existing inequities in open space distribution in NYC.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Even from a quick glance, you can see the unequal distribution of large open spaces, which would enable proper social distancing. Each borough has one or two large parks, such as the Bronx Park and Central Park, but this means the majority of NYC residents rely on small parks in their neighborhoods for walkable open space access. And during a lockdown, with decreased public transportation use, people need safe spaces that they can walk to more than ever.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"A \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=4d082c62efb44e56b105366fb92335b3&extent=-8287910.233%2C4941135.2385%2C-8185178.8669%2C4998463.0097%2C102100\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"map\"), \" from the Trust for Public Land shows park needs in NYC during the summer of 2020, determined by access to an open park within a ten-minute walk of home. Taking findings from this map, I zoomed into a neighborhood that has a high need for parks this summer to see what the change looked like. Elmhurst in Queens saw a 64% decrease in neighborhood open space in April. And with social distancing, the remaining open space were most likely used at a lower capacity.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2332px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"76.45797598627787%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/ad528/elm-copy.webp 2332w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2332px) 100vw, 2332px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/a90b0/elm-copy.png 2332w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2332px) 100vw, 2332px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/e3764acb5faaff3af9ba942d12d89fb7/a90b0/elm-copy.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Elmhurst, Queens\",\n    \"title\": \"Open and closed spaces in Elmhurst, Queens in April\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"what-about-privately-owned-public-spacespops\"\n  }, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"h4\"\n  }, \"What about Privately Owned Public Spaces(POPS)?\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8e64d/maps4.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8c5c5/maps4.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/9c56bf05f4dd7cd38aac77250085821c/8c5c5/maps4.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"POPS in NYC\",\n    \"title\": \"POPS in NYC\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"POPS is an important (and \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/nyregion/public-space-trump-tower.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"controversial\"), \") addition to public space in NYC, with the first initiatives dating to the 1960s. Some are plazas in front of buildings like the Seagram building and some are parks with green space such as the Domino Park in Williamsburg. POPS are a way for the city to create more public space within private development. The map shows that the majority distribution is in Manhattan, in areas with already walkable access to Central Park or Bryant Park. It was also unclear what was open during the lockdown because unlike city parks, there was no direct way to find information about whether they were open.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, \"\\u201COpen\\u201D Streets\")), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"2480px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"141.45161290322582%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8e64d/maps3.webp 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8c5c5/maps3.png 2480w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/101eeaa3a5726b026270b2ec5157b07b/8c5c5/maps3.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Open Streets in NYC\",\n    \"title\": \"Open Street Locations in NYC\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"A popular pandemic response to inadequate space for social distancing and outdoor activities is Open Streets. Oakland, Milan, and many other cities have \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.archdaily.com/938202/people-to-reclaim-streets-in-milan-in-post-covid-19-vision-of-the-city\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"adopted similar strategies\"), \". Open Streets in NYC are pedestrian-friendly streets that are blocked off by NYPD barricades during daytime hours to allow for social distancing while walking and to use as pseudo-park space. A total of 67 miles have been opened up (or closed depending on how you are using the street) to date, shown as white lines in the map. This effort is combined with Open Restaurants as the city is reopening and allowing outdoor dining using parking space and sidewalk space.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"What the data shows on the map allows for possibilities of car-less streets and brings memories of \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/summerstreets/html/home/home.shtml\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Summer Streets\"), \". (Summer Streets have been cancelled for 2020.) However, what the data misses is how open these designated streets are used in reality. First, there is critique about how the process\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/20/upshot/pandemic-city-planning-inequality.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \" lacks public participation\"), \". And there were \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/18/nypd-inconsistent-on-actually-opening-the-mayors-open-streets/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"mixed reactions\"), \" from the public as the set up required police involvement, which delayed the process.\", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/18/nypd-inconsistent-on-actually-opening-the-mayors-open-streets/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  })), \" \"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"3024px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"133.32%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/388352af743ed129d5a8b28a893830e7/a3bc4/img_6612.webp 2500w\", \"/static/388352af743ed129d5a8b28a893830e7/88d9d/img_6612.webp 3024w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 3024px) 100vw, 3024px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/388352af743ed129d5a8b28a893830e7/412e4/img_6612.png 2500w\", \"/static/388352af743ed129d5a8b28a893830e7/2d317/img_6612.png 3024w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 3024px) 100vw, 3024px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/388352af743ed129d5a8b28a893830e7/2d317/img_6612.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Dismantled barricades on a Brooklyn street\",\n    \"title\": \"Dismantled barricades on a Brooklyn street\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"When a residential street in Bedford-Stuyvesant first \\u201Copened\\u201D in May, kids and families used it as a bike and skate park. Gradually, the barricades were moved to allow for car traffic and without official maintenance, the barricades never went up again. Google Maps still shows it as a pedestrian street.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"3024px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"133.32%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/5a97a253a15cd568214845a2ed462edf/a3bc4/img_6674.webp 2500w\", \"/static/5a97a253a15cd568214845a2ed462edf/88d9d/img_6674.webp 3024w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 3024px) 100vw, 3024px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/5a97a253a15cd568214845a2ed462edf/412e4/img_6674.png 2500w\", \"/static/5a97a253a15cd568214845a2ed462edf/2d317/img_6674.png 3024w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 3024px) 100vw, 3024px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/5a97a253a15cd568214845a2ed462edf/2d317/img_6674.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Berry Street July 3rd 2020\",\n    \"title\": \"Berry Street July 3rd 2020\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The state of streets is another reality that interferes with the success of Open Streets as places to stay. This picture shows an empty Berry Street in Williamsburg on July 3rd, Friday at 3pm. Without much tree coverage on a hot summer day, this long strip of Open Streets is not a desirable space to spend time in.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"And now with businesses using the street and increased vehicle traffic compared to April, people in need of open space are being pushed once again to share the street.\"), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"the-silver-lining\"\n  }, \"The Silver Lining\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Covid-19, of its many impacts, has taken away the joys of city living and accentuated the difficult experiences. But New Yorkers are resilient and creative. Stoop birthday parties, sidewalk ceramic studios, parklet dining color coded with the restaurant\\u2019s sign, and streets as space to demand justice. Moreover, the increased attention on reevaluating public spaces offers hope towards a healthier, more equitable, safer \\u2014 livable for all \\u2014 city.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, mdx(\"iframe\", {\n    width: \"100%\",\n    height: \"520\",\n    frameBorder: \"0\",\n    src: \"https://mit.carto.com/u/laurapk/builder/e37c169c-c929-4de6-a8c5-a19f94af5319/embed\",\n    allowFullScreen: true,\n    webkitallowfullscreen: true,\n    mozallowfullscreen: true,\n    oallowfullscreen: true,\n    msallowfullscreen: true\n  }))), mdx(\"h4\", {\n    \"id\": \"data-sources\"\n  }, mdx(\"strong\", {\n    parentName: \"h4\"\n  }, \"Data Sources\")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications, Open Space (Parks), 2018.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications, Open Space (Other), 2018.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of Transportation, NYC DOT Pedestrian Plazas, 2020.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of Transportation, Open Streets Locations, 2020. \"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of Parks and Recreation, Beaches, 2018.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Department of City Planning, Privately Owned Public Space Database, 2018.\"));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = true;","hero":{"full":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.7065868263473054,"src":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/a1946/maps2.png","srcSet":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/5b37e/maps2.png 236w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/49058/maps2.png 472w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/a1946/maps2.png 944w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/030f1/maps2.png 1416w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/75927/maps2.png 1888w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/ac49a/maps2.png 2480w","srcWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/99fbb/maps2.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/77392/maps2.webp 236w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/1f177/maps2.webp 472w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/99fbb/maps2.webp 944w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/4a492/maps2.webp 1416w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/b0b8f/maps2.webp 1888w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/21b97/maps2.webp 2480w","sizes":"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px"},"regular":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.7056277056277056,"src":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/3ddd4/maps2.png","srcSet":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/078a8/maps2.png 163w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/e56da/maps2.png 327w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/3ddd4/maps2.png 653w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/c5cc7/maps2.png 980w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/eebd2/maps2.png 1306w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/ac49a/maps2.png 2480w","srcWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/0acdf/maps2.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/ac59e/maps2.webp 163w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/7660b/maps2.webp 327w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/0acdf/maps2.webp 653w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/75470/maps2.webp 980w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/68d47/maps2.webp 1306w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/21b97/maps2.webp 2480w","sizes":"(max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px"},"narrow":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.7080745341614907,"src":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/502b1/maps2.png","srcSet":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/f2e6d/maps2.png 114w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/4ddba/maps2.png 229w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/502b1/maps2.png 457w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/7ddc2/maps2.png 686w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/435bf/maps2.png 914w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/ac49a/maps2.png 2480w","srcWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/15384/maps2.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/31fce/maps2.webp 114w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/e3e25/maps2.webp 229w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/15384/maps2.webp 457w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/0258d/maps2.webp 686w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/64ea2/maps2.webp 914w,\n/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/21b97/maps2.webp 2480w","sizes":"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px"},"seo":{"src":"/static/2e04eedfc196513775cc45ae59a2d86f/6050d/maps2.png"}}},{"id":"7ade3f9c-8fac-5020-8033-ae3bf8f4aa88","slug":"/statewide-eviction-protections-visualized","secret":false,"title":"Statewide Eviction Protections, Visualized","author":"Joyce Zhao","date":"August 7th, 2020","dateForSEO":"2020-08-07T00:00:00.000Z","timeToRead":3,"excerpt":"The eviction moratorium under the Federal CARES Act came to an end recently on July 25, and many state-wide eviction protections are quickly…","canonical_url":null,"subscription":true,"body":"function _extends() { _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; return _extends.apply(this, arguments); }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded); var key, i; if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) { var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source); for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceSymbolKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } } return target; }\n\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) { if (source == null) return {}; var target = {}; var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source); var key, i; for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) { key = sourceKeys[i]; if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue; target[key] = source[key]; } return target; }\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\nvar _frontmatter = {\n  \"title\": \"Statewide Eviction Protections, Visualized\",\n  \"author\": \"Joyce Zhao\",\n  \"date\": \"2020-08-07T00:00:00.000Z\",\n  \"tags\": [\"Covid\", \"Data\"],\n  \"hero\": \"images/evictionrates.png\"\n};\n\nvar makeShortcode = function makeShortcode(name) {\n  return function MDXDefaultShortcode(props) {\n    console.warn(\"Component \" + name + \" was not imported, exported, or provided by MDXProvider as global scope\");\n    return mdx(\"div\", props);\n  };\n};\n\nvar layoutProps = {\n  _frontmatter: _frontmatter\n};\nvar MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nreturn function MDXContent(_ref) {\n  var components = _ref.components,\n      props = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"components\"]);\n\n  return mdx(MDXLayout, _extends({}, layoutProps, props, {\n    components: components,\n    mdxType: \"MDXLayout\"\n  }), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The eviction moratorium under the Federal CARES Act came to an end recently on July 25, and many state-wide eviction protections are quickly following. Many are worried that renters in America could be facing an unprecedented eviction crisis, with some estimating up to \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/30/what-its-like-to-be-evicted-during-the-coivd-19-pandemic.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"40 million renters\"), \" at risk of eviction once protections end. Described using terms such as \\u201Ctsunami wave\\u201D or \\u201Cavalanche\\u201D, this predicted eviction crisis has been met with varying policies across the country.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Evictions themselves are a public health issue. Like many of the pre-existing inequalities magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic, evictions tend to affect \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/508897-a-wave-of-mass-evictions-is-inevitable-and-black-women-will-be\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"communities of color\"), \", and often low-income neighborhoods, the most. Furthermore, those threatened with eviction often face \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.bu.edu/sph/2018/10/05/the-hidden-health-crisis-of-eviction/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"adverse, long-term health outcomes\"), \". Evicted tenants also face housing instability that can lead to overcrowded households and homelessness, all which put people at greater risk of COVID-19.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"The graph below ranks each state by eviction rate (the number of evictions per 100 rental homes in 2016) and colors each state based on the status of their COVID eviction protection policies. The word \\u201Cprotections\\u201D emphasizes the differences in policy strength between legislations. Some states have true eviction moratoriums with a grace period for rent payment, some only prevent new eviction filings, while others only have orders to prioritize essential court proceedings. I\\u2019ve limited the scope of housing policies in this visualization to those that explicitly protect tenants from eviction and are executed state-wide. The pale green color indicates whether or not these policies have expired as of July 31, 2020. The last five states in the graph had no available eviction rates.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"954px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"119.916142557652%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/c19f8/evictionrates.webp 954w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 954px) 100vw, 954px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/f8dd2/evictionrates.png 954w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 954px) 100vw, 954px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/f8dd2/evictionrates.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"Eviction Rates and COVID Eviction Protections\",\n    \"title\": \"Eviction Rates and COVID Eviction Protections\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"What is first noticeable about this graph is the sheer number of states with expired eviction protections. As of July 31, only 20 states had existing eviction protections. Of the states with no available eviction rate data, only New Jersey currently has eviction protections; North Dakota and Alaska protections have expired, while South Dakota and Arkansas did not have state-wide protections. The constant line represents the 2.34% eviction rate of the United States in 2016. Interestingly, the four states with no state-wide COVID eviction protections all have higher rates than the national average.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"How long do these protections last? This next visualization examines the timeline during which these eviction protections exist. The color of each date represents the number of states with eviction protections in place on that date.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"1275px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"129.41176470588235%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/0998c3136274d37a8476b494f2a10539/7f2e2/eviction-moratoria-data-duration-heatmap-1-.webp 1275w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1275px) 100vw, 1275px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/0998c3136274d37a8476b494f2a10539/e70d7/eviction-moratoria-data-duration-heatmap-1-.png 1275w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 1275px) 100vw, 1275px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/0998c3136274d37a8476b494f2a10539/e70d7/eviction-moratoria-data-duration-heatmap-1-.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"eviction moratoria data duration heatmap 1 \",\n    \"title\": \"eviction moratoria data duration heatmap 1 \",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"On March 13, Massachusetts and North Carolina became the first states to enact eviction-related policies. A month later on April 13, all 44 states with eviction protections had enacted them. We can see states begin to pass eviction protections most rapidly during the third week of March, with many of the executive orders announcing states of emergencies signed by governors during this week including these housing protections. Gradually, we can see these protections begin to expire. When the CARES Act eviction moratorium expired on July 25, there were 23 states with ongoing protections. Four states (Delaware, Kentucky, New Jersey, and New Mexico) have protections that expire with their state\\u2019s state of emergency orders, rather than at the end of a given duration.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"While it is difficult to judge the effectiveness of these policies on duration alone, observing the majority of these protections end throughout the summer could offer an explanation to the coming eviction wave that many predict. The average duration of an eviction protection policy among states is 94 days. At the end of June, around half of the states had remaining eviction protections, while the national unemployment rates remained around 11%.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"Some of the current policies include a grace period to pay back missed rent, but none offer rent forgiveness. Based on unemployment statistics and the Census Bureau\\u2019s \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"Household Pulse Survey\"), \", researchers have created projections on what the \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/27/how-the-eviction-crisis-will-impact-each-state.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"coming month of evictions\"), \" could look like for renters across the country, with some states predicted to be hit harder than others. It is worth noting that eviction protections also differ across counties and cities. This leaves tenants navigating a patchwork of protections with various strengths and expiration dates.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"display\": \"block\",\n      \"marginLeft\": \"auto\",\n      \"marginRight\": \"auto\",\n      \"maxWidth\": \"630px\"\n    }\n  }), \"\\n      \", mdx(\"span\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"paddingBottom\": \"73.49206349206348%\",\n      \"position\": \"relative\",\n      \"bottom\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\",\n      \"backgroundImage\": \"url('data:image/png;base64,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')\",\n      \"backgroundSize\": \"cover\",\n      \"display\": \"block\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n  \", mdx(\"picture\", {\n    parentName: \"span\"\n  }, \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/716476c233d445cb22ca3653a2dcb2cd/d869c/106627776-1595444094848-20200721_nova__table_of_eviction_forecast_metrics.webp 630w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/webp\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"source\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"srcSet\": [\"/static/716476c233d445cb22ca3653a2dcb2cd/48f8e/106627776-1595444094848-20200721_nova__table_of_eviction_forecast_metrics.png 630w\"],\n    \"sizes\": \"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\",\n    \"type\": \"image/png\"\n  })), \"\\n        \", mdx(\"img\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"picture\"\n  }, {\n    \"className\": \"gatsby-resp-image-image\",\n    \"src\": \"/static/716476c233d445cb22ca3653a2dcb2cd/48f8e/106627776-1595444094848-20200721_nova__table_of_eviction_forecast_metrics.png\",\n    \"alt\": \"106627776 1595444094848 20200721 nova  table of eviction forecast metrics\",\n    \"title\": \"106627776 1595444094848 20200721 nova  table of eviction forecast metrics\",\n    \"loading\": \"lazy\",\n    \"style\": {\n      \"width\": \"100%\",\n      \"height\": \"100%\",\n      \"margin\": \"0\",\n      \"verticalAlign\": \"middle\",\n      \"position\": \"absolute\",\n      \"top\": \"0\",\n      \"left\": \"0\"\n    }\n  })), \"\\n      \"), \"\\n    \")), mdx(\"p\", null, \"As these state-wide eviction moratoriums expire, some are questioning where the responsibility for protecting tenants lies. Many believe that it is up to Congress to enact stronger, \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/opinion/coronavirus-evictions-rent.html\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"nation-wide eviction moratoriums\"), \", while reports of \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://www.latimes.com/homeless-housing/story/2020-06-18/despite-protections-landlords-attempting-to-evict-tenants-in-south-l-a-black-and-latino-neighborhoods-data-shows\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"illegal self-help evictions\"), \" are leading tenants and activist groups to defend themselves. Like many other COVID-19 related policies, such as mask mandates and economic reopening, housing protections across the country do not often align in timing, strength, or jurisdiction.\"), mdx(\"p\", null, \"In this case, we might not see the effects of these eviction protections for many months, as courts gradually reopen and summons proceed. For more information on how specific cities are witnessing evictions during the pandemic, check out the \", mdx(\"a\", _extends({\n    parentName: \"p\"\n  }, {\n    \"href\": \"https://evictionlab.org/eviction-tracking/\",\n    \"target\": \"_blank\",\n    \"rel\": \"noreferrer\"\n  }), \"COVID-19 Eviction Tracking tool\"), \" created by Princeton\\u2019s Eviction Lab.\"));\n}\n;\nMDXContent.isMDXComponent = true;","hero":{"full":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.833922261484099,"src":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/a1946/evictionrates.png","srcSet":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/5b37e/evictionrates.png 236w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/49058/evictionrates.png 472w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/a1946/evictionrates.png 944w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/90fe3/evictionrates.png 954w","srcWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/99fbb/evictionrates.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/77392/evictionrates.webp 236w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/1f177/evictionrates.webp 472w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/99fbb/evictionrates.webp 944w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/1399b/evictionrates.webp 954w","sizes":"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px"},"regular":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.8358974358974359,"src":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/3ddd4/evictionrates.png","srcSet":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/078a8/evictionrates.png 163w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/e56da/evictionrates.png 327w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/3ddd4/evictionrates.png 653w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/90fe3/evictionrates.png 954w","srcWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/0acdf/evictionrates.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/ac59e/evictionrates.webp 163w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/7660b/evictionrates.webp 327w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/0acdf/evictionrates.webp 653w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/1399b/evictionrates.webp 954w","sizes":"(max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px"},"narrow":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":0.8321167883211679,"src":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/502b1/evictionrates.png","srcSet":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/f2e6d/evictionrates.png 114w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/4ddba/evictionrates.png 229w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/502b1/evictionrates.png 457w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/7ddc2/evictionrates.png 686w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/435bf/evictionrates.png 914w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/90fe3/evictionrates.png 954w","srcWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/15384/evictionrates.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/31fce/evictionrates.webp 114w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/e3e25/evictionrates.webp 229w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/15384/evictionrates.webp 457w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/0258d/evictionrates.webp 686w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/64ea2/evictionrates.webp 914w,\n/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/1399b/evictionrates.webp 954w","sizes":"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px"},"seo":{"src":"/static/e5ee9357039050751fc709a1d735f2fd/90fe3/evictionrates.png"}}}]}}}